A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack (AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft. The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop. This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned. This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot. The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes (MHPs). The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports. Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper. This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.     

叶片式预旋喷嘴出口流场实验研究

叶片式预旋喷嘴具有尺寸小,落后角大的特点。为了详细研究小尺寸预旋喷嘴的预旋性能,采用五孔探针对叶片式预旋喷嘴的出口流场进行了实验研究。测量了Ma=0.2,0.3时喷嘴出口的压力分布、速度分布和出口气流角度分布,实验获得了喷嘴的落后角和预旋效率,并进行了与实验工况相同的数值计算。通过实验获得的总压云图以及速度云图,可以发现叶片式预旋喷嘴的端壁二次流损失、尾迹损失严重,有明显的边界层分离现象。Ma=0.2时,喷嘴Re数为5.76×104,落后角2.84°,实验测得的预旋效率为0.73;Ma=0.3时,喷嘴Re数为1.06×105,预旋效率提高至0.77。实验模型端壁的影响使预旋效率实验结果偏低6.5%左右。数值结果与实验测得各参数符合较好:数值结果与测得的喷嘴出口截面平均总压、静压偏差在1%以内;出气速度、周向速度以及出气角度与实验结果偏差在4%以内。数值计算表明,叶片式预旋喷嘴的预旋效率基本不受压比影响,随Re数增大先增大后基本不变,最后基本稳定在0.85。     

涡轮基组合循环发动机分布式控制系统通信网络混合拓扑结构优化方法

涡轮机组合循环(Turbine based combined cycle,TBCC)发动机控制系统通信网络拓扑结构是其分布式控制系统方案设计的重要部分,优化网络拓扑结构可提高发动机推重比和控制系统可靠性。本文基于智能优化算法提出TBCC分布式控制系统网络拓扑结构优化方法。基于图论建立TBCC几何模型和网格模型,以重量和可靠性为优化性能指标,同时考虑发动机表面高温区域以及控制节点的工作可靠性,分别采用粒子群算法和遗传算法优化星形结构中智能中央节点位置、中央节点的环形拓扑结构,获得星形-环形混合拓扑结构。仿真实例表明,基于本文方法优化所得的混合拓扑结构相较于星形集中式控制结构,系统重量降低了51.9%。     

Unsteady wakes-secondary flow interactions in a high-lift low-pressure turbine cascade

Detailed experimental measurements were conducted to study the interactions between incoming wakes and endwall secondary flow in a high-lift Low-Pressure Turbine (LPT) cascade. All of the measurements were conducted in both the presence and absence of incoming wakes, and numerical analysis was performed to elucidate the flow mechanism. With increasing Reynolds number, the influence of the incoming wakes on suppressing the secondary flow gradually increased owing to the greater influence of incoming wakes on reducing the negative incidence angle at higher Reynolds numbers, leading to a lower blade loading near the leading edge and suppression of the Pressure Side (PS) leg of the horseshoe vortex. However, the effect of unsteady wakes on suppressing the profile losses gradually became weaker owing to the reduced size of the Suction Side (SS) separation bubble and increased mixing loss in the free-flow region at high Reynolds numbers. Incoming wakes clearly improved the aerodynamic performance of the low-pressure turbine cascade at low Reynolds numbers of 25,000 and 50,000. In contrast, at the high Reynolds number of 100,000, the profile loss at the midspan and mass-averaged total losses downstream of the cascade were higher in the presence of wakes than in the absence of wakes, and the unsteady wakes exerted a negative influence on the aerodynamic performance of the LPT cascade.     

污水处理装置在冶金行业中的应用

对污水处理装置的技术参数、技术要求及设计方案的选择、工作原理做了进一步的阐述。对工业循环冷却水的处理有实际指导意义。     

扫描式总压耙在高超声速推进风洞流场测量中的应用

在风洞实验中,为了保证实验结果的可靠性,首先需要了解流场的品质。笔者自行设计研制了用于高超声速推进风洞流场测量的带有水冷装置的可移动式扫描总压耙。对于出口截面为300mm×187mm的风洞喷管,通过计算机程序控制,可在3s时间内实现全截面间歇式或连续式扫描,最大移动速度可达250mm/s,而且定位准确。通过扫描结果,分析了流场压力均匀性、稳定性以及实验结果的可重复性,同时还给出了风洞喷管出口截面的总压与马赫数等值线图。从而为超燃冲压模型发动机实验提供参考数据。     

双舌型挡板VGT蜗壳速度场的试验研究

使用IFA30 0热膜风速仪 ,通过选择合适的低通滤波器、合适的采样频率和采样时间 ,用X形探针测量了其无叶喷嘴出口速度的分布以及蜗壳流道的速度场。结果表明 :在两挡板全关时 ,喷嘴出口速度分布较均匀 ;随两挡板开度变化 ,喷嘴出口速度分布变化较大 ;而且沿蜗壳周向其径向速度分布较均匀 ,切向速度分布变化较大 ;沿蜗壳轴向 ,两者变化均较大。当两挡板开度变化时 ,蜗壳流道截面上通流速度的分布不同于自由涡流规律 ,二次流速度分量分布形态类似。     

C/C喉衬稳态烧蚀的工程计算

根据固体火箭发动机燃烧中氧化性组分扩散控制喷管喉衬烧蚀和Ａｌ２Ｏ３沉积对喉衬的保护，提出Ｃ／Ｃ喉衬稳态烧蚀的工程方法。３个分动机的烧蚀预示结果与实测结果吻合，该计算方法具有较高的精度。     

气氦制冷系统透平膨胀机的研制

文章介绍了载人航天空间环境模拟器气氦制冷系统中氦气透平膨胀机的设计、制造、调试等过程,并说明了它具备的特点。     

劳（Lao）喷管扩张段优化设计的数值方法研究

本文建立了火箭发动机喷管扩张段优化设计（Lao喷管）的型面曲线近似作图法的数学模型，将作图法转化为等价的优化问题，并给出了优化问题解的迭代方法，最后采用泛函网络的方法对离散的数值解进行了曲线拟合，以便于数控加工的编程。